Since no two cases of lupus are exactly alike, there is a wide range
of symptoms that are known to affect many parts of the body. Sometimes
symptoms develop slowly or
appear suddenly; they can be mild, severe, temporary, or permanent. Most
people with lupus experience symptoms in only a few organs, but more
serious cases can lead to
problems with kidneys, the heart, the lungs, blood, or the nervous
system.
Lupus episodes, or flares, are usually noted by a worsening of some of the following symptoms:
- Achy joints (arthralgia), arthritis, and swollen joints, especially in wrists, small joints of the hands, elbows, knees, and ankles
- Swelling of the hands and feet due to kidney problems
- Fever of more than 100 degrees F (38 degrees C)
- Prolonged or extreme fatigue
- Skin lesions or rashes, especially on the arms, hands, face, neck, or back
- Butterfly-shaped rash (malar rash) across the cheeks and nose
- Anemia (oxygen carrying deficiency of red blood cells)
- Pain in the chest on deep breathing or shortness of breath
- Sun or light sensitivity (photosensitivity)
- Hair loss or alopecia
- Abnormal blood clotting problems
- Raynaud's phenomenon: fingers turn white and/or blue or red in the cold
- Seizures
- Mouth or nose ulcers
- Weight loss or gain
- Dry eyes
- Easy bruising
- Anxiety, depression, headaches, and memory loss
Lupus can also lead to complications in several areas of the body. These include:
- Kidneys - serious kidney damage is a primary cause of death for lupus sufferers.
- Central nervous system - lupus can cause headaches, dizziness, memory problems, seizures, and behavioral changes.
- Blood and vessels - lupus causes an increased risk of anemia, bleeding, blood clotting, and vessel inflammation
- Lungs - noninfectious pneumonia and difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the chest cavity are more likely with lupus
- Heart - heart muscle and artery inflammation are more likely with the disease, and lupus increases the chances of cardiovascular disease and heart attacks.
- Infection - lupus treatments tend to depress the immune system making your body more vulnerable to infection.
- Cancer - lupus increases the risk of cancer, especially of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer
- Bone tissue death - a lower blood supply to bone tissue leads to tiny breaks and eventual death of bone. This is most common in the hip bone.
- Pregnancy - lupus increases the risk of miscarriage, hypertension during pregnancy, and preterm birth.
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